50 Reading Procedures Documents
Michael Hrycay
Learning Objectives
Demonstrate the startup and shut down of food processing equipment.
Types of Food Processing Equipment
Within the food processing industry, there are many different types of equipment used, whether that be hand tools or large machinery. Large machinery varies in purpose from cleaning, to processing, to packaging. For cleaning, there are different machines for the wet and dry cleaning processes. Some examples of cleaning machinery are pressure washers, sanitizers, clean-in-place (CIP), and air classifiers.
Grading
Grading is an early step in food processing, and it involves determining the quality of the ingredients and products and is often done in a lab. Likely, the type of equipment used in this stage is laboratory equipment.
Peeling / Skinning
Peeling/skinning is another preliminary process that involves preparing ingredients for processing by removing inadmissible aspects. Some examples of equipment used here are stationary or rotating blades, conveyors, and furnaces.
Sorting
Sorting is the process of extracting the best materials and sorting them from spoiled or contaminated ones. Equipment used here is sieves and screens, sorting conveyors, and disc separators.
FOOD PROCESSING
When it comes to the actual processing of food, grinding/crushing involves equipment such as roll and jaw crushers, pressure and impact mills, and strainers.
Cutting and Chopping
For cutting and chopping, meat grinders, band saws, knives, and slicing machines are frequently used.
Forming
For food enlargement, different kinds of extruders are used, such as twin-screw, non-thermal, refrigerated and single-screw extruders.
Common equipment for agglomeration includes pelletizing equipment, rotating pans and drums, and high-speed agitators.
For homogenization and emulsification, homogenizers and emulsifiers are used as well as colloid mills and high shear mixers.
Mixers
Depending on the task at hand, different mixers are used for different purposes. Frequently put in three categories: solid mixers, fluid mixers, and dough mixers. The machinery involved includes drum blenders, diffusive and convective mixers, sigma-blade mixers, cutter mixers, horizontal dough mixers, anchor, paddle and turbine mixers, and agitated tanks.
Start-up and Shut Down
There are different procedures for starting and stopping each of the pieces of equipment listed above. However; your employer will have a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) document detailing the exact process of starting and stopping the particular piece of equipment.
The following is an example of the operating procedures of a pet food extruder.
What is the Operating Procedure of Pet Food Extruder?
References
https://www.plantautomation-technology.com/articles/types-of-food-processing-equipment
