15 Chapter Two – Lesson Eight

Lesson 8: Dealing with an emergency

The incident command system (ICS) process for any emergency situation

The ICS (Incident Command System) method or process is a standardized approach for managing and coordinating emergency operations. It employs a hierarchical system of management and communication to ensure a smooth and effective response to any emergency situation. The following is an overview of the ICS method/process for initiating operations during an emergency situation:

1. Activation of the ICS: The first step in the ICS process is the activation of the system. This includes notifying all relevant personnel and ensuring that all necessary resources are mobilized for the emergency response.

2. Establish command: Once the ICS is activated, a command structure is established with clear lines of authority and communication. This helps ensure that everyone involved knows their role and responsibilities.

3. Initial assessment: The next step in the ICS process is to conduct an initial assessment of the situation. This involves collecting information and data about the emergency, such as the cause, scope, and potential impact.

4. Incident action plan: Based on the initial assessment, an incident action plan (IAP) is developed. The IAP outlines the objectives, strategies, and tactics for responding to the emergency situation.

5. Resource management: Resource management is a key component of the ICS process. It entails identifying and mobilizing the necessary resources, including personnel, equipment, and supplies, to meet the objectives of the IAP.

6. Communications: Effective communication is essential for the success of any emergency response. The ICS process emphasizes the importance of clear, concise, and timely communication among all stakeholders involved in the response.

7. Evaluation and revision: Throughout the emergency response, the IAP is continually evaluated and revised as needed to ensure that the situation is under control and that all objectives are being met.

In summary, the ICS method/process for initiating operations for any emergency situation involves identifying the necessary resources, establishing a clear chain of command and communication, assessing the situation, developing a response plan, mobilizing resources, communicating effectively, and continually evaluating and revising the response as needed. By following this process, emergency responders can effectively and efficiently manage and mitigate the effects of any emergency situation.

Utilizing the Incident Command System is an efficient approach to managing incident response activities. With the use of ICS, delegation of responsibilities can be easily accomplished. This leads to effective incident management, which in turn reduces potential chaos, establishes priorities, and helps manage workloads and resources.

Moreover, ICS establishes a clear chain of command, allowing all personnel involved in the incident to know their respective roles and responsibilities within the organization. One of its key advantages is the use of common terminology, avoiding misunderstandings and facilitating communication between various organizations.

The system also ensures that crucial functions are covered, with command staff assigned roles such as safety, liaison for coordination with other organizations, and public information dissemination. This leads to clear and accurate communication during the incident.

ICS is not just an organizational chart but a complete management system capable of responding to all levels of emergencies from simple to complex. Its purpose is to provide a standardized language for all emergency responders, an organizational structure that can expand rapidly to meet the needs of any emergency, and the assignment of personnel with appropriate expertise to critical functions.

It also allows for the activation of only those positions needed to manage a particular incident or level of incident, promotes proper span of control and unity of command, and provides a system for coordinated information to both internal and external audiences. Ultimately, ICS grants the Emergency Operations Center director the necessary control to support all operations and agencies responding to the incident.

Putting it into practice – Case Study

Review the following case study and think about how you would execute the of initial operations of an emergency.

Having a chain of command for emergency incidents

Having a chain of command for emergency incidents is important because it establishes a clear structure for coordinating and managing the emergency response effort. This ensures that all necessary tasks are completed efficiently and effectively, and that everyone involved is aware of their specific roles and responsibilities.

The chain of command typically includes multiple levels, beginning with the initial response team on the ground and extending up through higher levels of management and leadership. Each level has a specific set of responsibilities and protocols that must be followed in order to ensure that the response effort is successful.

By establishing this clear structure, emergency responders can quickly and effectively communicate with one another, make important decisions, and allocate resources as needed. This helps to prevent confusion, reduce the risk of mistakes being made, and ensures that the response effort moves smoothly and efficiently.

Ultimately, having a well-defined chain of command for emergency incidents can mean the difference between life and death for those affected by the emergency. It is an important aspect of any emergency response plan and should be taken seriously in order to minimize the impact of an emergency and maximize the chances of a successful outcome.

In case of an unexpected workplace emergency, such as a fire or explosion, wasting any time trying to figure out what to do and who to listen to can be fatal. Therefore, every workplace is required to have an emergency plan with a chain of command. This chain links an individual with overall responsibility for managing emergencies with others who are responsible for carrying out specific tasks.

At the top of the chain is the emergency scene commander, a trained employee responsible for issuing orders to others during the emergency. They could be a facility manager, emergency director, or some other supervisor. The emergency scene commander has several responsibilities:

– Evaluating the incident to determine if it requires an emergency response
– Supervising emergency scene coordinators who are trained in various emergency tasks
– Coordinating with professional responders such as ambulance, police, and fire departments
– Directing the shutdown of critical workplace equipment or operations
– Determining if an evacuation is required and managing it

Emergency scene coordinators are responsible for about 20 employees within a particular work area. They should know how to respond to emergencies that may occur at the workplace, evacuation procedures, and how to use emergency communication equipment. They should also be trained in CPR, first aid, and how to respond to threats of violence. Some of their responsibilities entail:

– Checking rooms and other enclosed spaces for employees who may be trapped or unable to evacuate
– Knowing who may need assistance during an evacuation and how to help them
– Coordinating the emergency activities of employees
– Knowing the workplace layout, appropriate escape routes, and areas that employees must avoid during an evacuation
– Verifying that employees are in designated safe areas after an evacuation.

Managing an emergency

When an emergency occurs, the immediate response is to contain the situation and mitigate the damages. However, managing an emergency goes beyond addressing the issue at hand, it also involves taking measures to prevent any secondary situations from arising. Secondary situations arise as a result of the events that happen during an emergency and can be equally devastating or even worse than the original emergency. Therefore, managing an emergency properly can help to lower the risks of secondary situations happening.

One way of managing an emergency is to put measures in place for communication. Communication is vital during an emergency, and when it is well managed, it can help prevent a secondary situation from happening. Establishing effective communication channels not only ensures that all parties are well informed about the emergency but also ensures that any risks that may arise during the emergency are communicated to all involved.

Another way to manage an emergency is to ensure that there is proper coordination among all roles involved. In any emergency, everyone has a role to play, and it is essential that they work collaboratively to manage the situation. Coordination will ensure that no one is left out and that there is a clear-cut plan for addressing every aspect of the emergency.

Furthermore, having a proper emergency response plan in place can help to lower the risks of secondary situations. The emergency response plan should be specific to the potential risks of the organization, and it should be updated regularly to meet the changing demands of the environment. The emergency response plan should also identify all possible secondary situations and include preventative measures to manage them.

In conclusion, managing an emergency is not only about containing the situation but also about mitigating the risks of secondary situations arising. Effective communication, proper coordination, and having a well-crafted emergency response plan are some of the measures that can be put in place to manage an emergency and lower the risks of secondary situations happening.

The Four Phases of Emergency Management: